Northern Europe
Leuven (Belgium)
Prague (Czech Republic)
Prague (Czech Republic)
Leuven - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - the journey to become carbon neutral (City Monitor 2022)
The physical system - banning cars from the city centre (Euronews 2022)
The socio-economic system - inclusivity and sustainability (DISCE 2022)
Prague (Czech Republic)
Prague (Czech Republic)
Prague (Czech Republic)
Prague - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - Prague's climate plan to 2030
The physical system - pathways for the built environment (IHRB 2023)
Sustainable energy and buildings
The socio-economic system - redefining a tourism strategy (The Mayor 2021)
Copenhagen (Denmark)
Prague (Czech Republic)
Copenhagen (Denmark)
Copenhagen - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - a green capital (Tomorrow City 2021)
Sustainability in the city (Urban Life)
The physical system - sustainability in architecture (2022)
The socio-economic system - making Smart Meters smarter (Science Direct 2017)
Tallinn (Estonia)
Tallinn (Estonia)
Copenhagen (Denmark)
Tallinn - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - a climate-proof city (Oppla)
The 2023 European Green Capital
The physical system - tackling construction waste (Construction 21 2018)
The socio-economic system - the city's circular economy (OECD)
Smart City approach by the City
Bordeaux (France)
Tallinn (Estonia)
Bordeaux (France)
Bordeaux - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - the greening of Bordeaux (Forbes 2020)
The physical system - innovation of the public transport system (Skyrise Cities 2016)
Ideas for a cable car (The Limited Times 2023)
Some recent history context to redevelopment (the Guardian 2014)
Renovating a 1960s apartment block - it can be done (the Guardian 2019)
The socio-economic system - academia & business working together (U de B)
Grenoble (France)
Tallinn (Estonia)
Bordeaux (France)
Grenoble - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - European Green Capital 2022 (Sustain Europe)
European Commission on Grenoble
Grenoble-Alpes Métropole Climate Air Energy Plan
The physical system - leading the fight against climate change (Arch Digest 2023)
Autonomous Building Concept - ABC (Bouygues)
The socio-economic system - participative budgeting (City of Grenoble - in French)
Calling on citizens to act on climate change (the FT 2023 - might be restricted)
Paris (France)
Helsinki (Finland)
Helsinki (Finland)
Paris - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - A walk along the Promenade Plantée (the Guardian 2017)
The physical system - how Paris is working to reduce cars (Slate 2023)
Paris is transforming rather than demolishing its buildings (Le Monde 2023)
The socio-economic system -
A perspective on participative budgeting, including Paris (Euractiv 2023)
Helsinki (Finland)
Helsinki (Finland)
Helsinki (Finland)
Helsinki - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - water ecosystems
The physical system - the Wood City of the future? (the BBC 2022)
The socio-economic system - a conversation with the Mayor (Brookings 2020)
Tampere (Finland)
Helsinki (Finland)
Tampere (Finland)
Tampere - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
Business involvement in Cleantech
The ecological system - nature in the city
The physical system - a new architectural programme for the city
Using 100% green electricity (Procura +)
The socio-economic system - Tampere's path from industrial to knowledge economy (MIT 2002)
Berlin (Germany)
Reykjavik (Iceland)
Tampere (Finland)
Berlin - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - biodiversity in the city's green spaces (Science 2022)
Reinvention for climate adaptation (The Nature Conservancy 2022)
The physical system - Smart City Berlin
The socio-economic system - segregation in a well-connected city (Springer 2021)
Hamburg (Germany)
Reykjavik (Iceland)
Reykjavik (Iceland)
Hamburg - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - European Green Capital 2011
Europe's Green City of the Year 2021 (Global Design News 2021)
Sea level rise projections (Earth.org 2020)
Planning for flood resilience (UoG 2018)
Expiry date of a disaster - the 1962 floods (Science Direct 2022)
The physical system - HafenCity
Resilience in the built environment (Medium 2021)
The socio-economic system - risk analysis in seaports (MDPI 2021)
Reykjavik (Iceland)
Reykjavik (Iceland)
Reykjavik (Iceland)
Reykjavik - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
A Green City (Green City Times)
The ecological system - volcano eruptions are an ever-present threat (the Guardian 2023)
Turning CO2 into rock (the BBC 2018)
The physical system - Iceland's geothermal power guards against energy shocks (Fortune 2023)
Geothermal energy (National Geographic)
Turf houses in Iceland (the BBC 2022)
The socio-economic system -
Vilnius (Lithuania)
Leeuwarden (the Netherlands)
Amsterdam (the Netherlands)
Vilnius - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - Green City Plans (EC 2022)
The physical system - the Smart City
Architectural legacies (MDPI 2022)
Healthy & safe environments (MDPI 2017)
The socio-economic system - social positives but also challenges (LRT 2020)
Amsterdam (the Netherlands)
Leeuwarden (the Netherlands)
Amsterdam (the Netherlands)
Amsterdam - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - air bubble barrier traps plastic waste (the Guardian 2019)
The physical system - dealing with Amsterdam's crumbling canal walls & bridges (NY Times 2021 - may be restricted)
Underwater bike garage (the Guardian 2023)
Are floating cities the future? (the BBC 2021)
The socio-economic system - urban mining in the city (Science Direct 2018)
Leeuwarden (the Netherlands)
Leeuwarden (the Netherlands)
Leeuwarden (the Netherlands)
Leeuwarden - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - Nature & the environment in the city
A walking forest of 1,000 trees transforms the city (the Guardian 2022)
The physical system -
The socio-economic system - a circular economy approach
Rotterdam (the Netherlands)
Rotterdam (the Netherlands)
Leeuwarden (the Netherlands)
Rotterdam - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - climate-proofing the city (Oppla)
Nature in the Port of Rotterdam
The physical system - using Smart approaches to climate change (Corporate Knights 2022)
The case for concrete recycling (System IQ 2023)
The socio-economic system - Social housing and circularity (Buildings & Cities 2023)
Integrating socio-economics into the city strategy (JRF 2017)
Utrecht (the Netherlands)
Rotterdam (the Netherlands)
Utrecht (the Netherlands)
Utrecht - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
Utrecht: a global goals city (Metropolis)
The ecological system - NbS in the city (Oppla)
The physical system - restoring a canal from a motorway (the Guardian 2020)
Utrecht world's best cycling city in 2022 (The Mayor.EU 2022)
The socio-economic system - Dutch cyclists live longer (the BBC 2015)
Almere (the Netherlands)
Rotterdam (the Netherlands)
Utrecht (the Netherlands)
Almere - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - from Garden City to Green City (AIPH 2020)
The physical system - railway station analysis of the city (Springer 2021)
The socio-economic system - testing the future of urban life (the BBC 2022)
Oslo (Norway)
Skellefteå (Sweden)
Skellefteå (Sweden)
Oslo - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - ecology at the heart of city planning (the Guardian 2017)
The physical system - how the city is banning cars (the BBC 2019)
Working on zero emissions on construction sites (the BBC 2021)
Oslo ranked 2ns in IMD Smart City Index 2023
The socio-economic system - socio-economics of the city (Oslo Business Region 2023)
Skellefteå (Sweden)
Skellefteå (Sweden)
Skellefteå (Sweden)
Skellefteå - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - from industrial area to carbon-neutral (The Mayor.eu 2022)
The physical system - using wood to build the city (the Guardian 2021)
The socio-economic system - migration patterns during industrial expansion (KTH 2022)
Stockholm (Sweden)
Skellefteå (Sweden)
Zurich (Switzerland)
Stockholm - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - carbon neutral plan (CNCA)
A Stockholm-based start-up on Climate management (ClimateView) (Sandwater 2023)
Green innovation (Smart Cities World 2023)
The physical system - working towards a low-carbon environment (World GBC)
The socio-economic system - a social-ecological legacy (SRC 2016)
Zurich (Switzerland)
Zurich (Switzerland)
Zurich (Switzerland)
Zurich - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system -
The physical system - making the circular economy real (City Monitor 2022)
Zurich ranked 1st in IMD Smart City Index 2023
Recycling concrete in the city (Agora)
The socio-economic system - making the city inclusive (Euronews 2019)
Bristol (UK)
Bury St Edmunds (UK)
Bury St Edmunds (UK)
Bristol - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
Bristol Net Zero by 2030 evidence (CSE 2019)
The ecological system - Climate Emergency Action Plan 2022-2025
Bristol declares emergency over wildlife loss (the Guardian 2020)
The physical system - the built environment influence on walking (ResearchGate 2018)
The socio-economic system - how life has changed in Bristol (ONS 2023)
Bury St Edmunds (UK)
Bury St Edmunds (UK)
Bury St Edmunds (UK)
Bury St Edmunds - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - Bury Water Meadows Group biodiversity surveying
The physical system - town master plan to 2031
The socio-economic system - citizen involvement in setting councillor allowances (BFP 2023)
Cambridge (UK)
Bury St Edmunds (UK)
Cambridge (UK)
Cambridge - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
Trialing a four-day week for council workers (the Guardian 2023)
The ecological system - the challenges of clearing land for a public transit system (the Guardian 2023)
The physical system - a new urban quarter for Cambridge (linked to UK govt plans)
Challenges of making the new urban quarter happen (the FT 2023 - may be restricted)
Solar panels installation on King's College chapel (the BBC 2023)
The socio-economic system - a push to stop the school run by car (Cambridge Independent 2022)
Edinburgh (UK)
Stockton-on-Tees (UK)
Cambridge (UK)
Edinburgh - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - the Edinburgh Biodiversity Partnership
The physical system - Scotland's largest net zero housing project (the BBC 2021)
The Edinburgh tram (the Guardian 2023)
The socio-economic system - policing priorities according to residents (EEN 2023)
London (UK)
Stockton-on-Tees (UK)
Stockton-on-Tees (UK)
London - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
State of London dashboard (beta)
The ecological system - the London Wildlife Trust
How much longer will the Thames Barrier protect London? (the Guardian 2023)
The physical system -
Sustainable Design & Construction
Road transport: the challenges of ULEZs (the Guardian 2023)
The expansion of ULEZ (Reuters 2023)
London's future as a smart city
What will London look like in 100 years? Futurescope (Chatham House)
The socio-economic system -
Dashboard example: policing and crime
Stockton-on-Tees (UK)
Stockton-on-Tees (UK)
Stockton-on-Tees (UK)
Stockton-on-Tees - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - Teeside country park boosts wildlife (UK govt 2023)
The physical system -
An example of a Local Impact Report of urban development (UK govt)
The socio-economic system - forget shops: how this town is reviving its high street (the Guardian 2021)
Southern Europe
Nicosia (Cyprus)
Lampedusa (Italy)
Nicosia (Cyprus)
Nicosia - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - Urban Green Network (Connecting Nature)
The physical system - rethinking architecture (ResearchGate 2019)
The socio-economic system - seeking to end the division (the Guardian 2019)
Athens (Greece)
Lampedusa (Italy)
Nicosia (Cyprus)
Athens - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
Athens Climate Action Plan review (C40)
The ecological system - Athens Environmental Foundation
The physical system - the Athens water supply system (MDPI 2019)
Restoration of architecture (Wallpaper 2023)
The socio-economic system - struggling with the heatwave of the 2023 summer (the Guardian 2023)
Lampedusa (Italy)
Lampedusa (Italy)
Lampedusa (Italy)
Lampedusa - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - marine mammal protection (MMPATF)
Environmental border harm (Springer 2023)
The physical system - managing a complex border (Failed Architecture)
The socio-economic system - human rights and migrants (UCLG 2021)
Milan (Italy)
Skopje (Macedonia)
Lampedusa (Italy)
Milan - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
City of Milan overview (Scope 2022)
Urban design and placemaking (Frontiers 2021)
The ecological system - the Biblioteca degli Alberi (BAM) park
The physical system - reducing car use after the COVID-19 lockdown (the Guardian 2020)
The socio-economic system - residential property behaviour (MDPI 2021)
Venice (Italy)
Skopje (Macedonia)
Skopje (Macedonia)
Venice - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - can the city and the eco-system be saved? (Nat Geo 2022)
Is Venice flooding getting worse (RMG 2022)
The physical system - the plan to save Venice from sinking (the BBC 2022)
The Venice flood barrier - Mose (the Guardian 2020)
The socio-economic system - how Venice is changing the tourism approach (the Guardian 2022)
Skopje (Macedonia)
Skopje (Macedonia)
Skopje (Macedonia)
Skopje - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - inside Skopje: pollution challenges (Al Jazeera 2019)
The Resilient Skopje project (UNDP)
The physical system - progress on the wastewater plant (EIB 2022)
The socio-economic system - Post-COVID-19 recovery for informal settlements (UNECE 2021)
Increasing the size of apartments in social housing (QUB 2021)
Lisbon (Portugal)
Lisbon (Portugal)
Lisbon (Portugal)
Lisbon - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - biodiversity monitoring project 2019-2020 (CE3C)
The physical system - Nature-based Solutions for urban resilience (Oppla)
Tale of Two Cities on NbS: Lisbon & Singapore (MDPI 2021)
The socio-economic system - walking & different social groups (Science Direct 2023)
Barcelona (Spain)
Lisbon (Portugal)
Lisbon (Portugal)
Barcelona - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - green infrastructure and biodiversity plan 2020
The physical system - a new approach to the city's buildings (Barcelona Tourisme)
La Borda sustainable building (AJ 2020)
The socio-economic system - Life Satisfaction and Socio-Economic Vulnerability (Springer 2023)
Gimnàs Social Sant Pau: a gym with purpose (Catalan News 2021)
Saving the gym to save the city (ATRI 2021)
Car-free zones and boosting mental health (The Conversation 2019)
Bilbao (Spain)
Lisbon (Portugal)
Bilbao (Spain)
Bilbao - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
Biscay Fiscal (Tax) Policy and the SDGs (UCL)
The ecological system - NbS for dealing with extreme temperature and rainfall events (Oppla)
Assessing flood risk (Science Direct 2017)
The physical system - how a star building can change a city (RICS 2021)
Does starchitecture work? (the Guardian 2015)
The socio-economic system - inclusive growth and resilience (OECD 2022)
Madrid (Spain)
Seville (Spain)
Bilbao (Spain)
Madrid - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - forest ecosystems in the city
The physical system - what other cities can learn from Madrid's effort to ban cars (Tomorrow City 2019)
The socio-economic system - social infrastructure in the city (Science Direct 2023)
Seville (Spain)
Seville (Spain)
Seville (Spain)
Seville - Wikipedia overview
Governance -
The ecological system - turning leftover oranges into electricity (the Guardian 2021)
The physical system - The Cartuja Qanat initiative for cooling the city
The Cartuja Qanat profile (Euro cities)
The socio-economic system - using a public Complementary Currency (CC) (Socio Eco 2021)